公司戰(zhàn)略與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理

低增長(zhǎng)—強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位的“現(xiàn)金�,！睒I(yè)務(wù)

“Cash cow” position : slow growth - high competitiveness

低增長(zhǎng)—弱競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位的“瘦狗”業(yè)務(wù)

“Dog” position : slow growth - low competitiveness

高增長(zhǎng)—低競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位的“問(wèn)題”業(yè)務(wù)

“Question mark” position : high growth - low competitiveness

高增長(zhǎng)—強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位的“明星”業(yè)務(wù)

“Star” position : high growth - high competitiveness

放棄戰(zhàn)略

Abandon strategy

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境分析

Analysis of competitive environment

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手分析

Analysis of competitors

企業(yè)能力分析

Analysis of corporate competencies and capabilities

企業(yè)資源分析

Analysis of corporate resources

宏觀環(huán)境分析

Analysis of macro-environment

市場(chǎng)需求分析

Analysis of market demand

分析型戰(zhàn)略

Analytical strategy

審計(jì)委員會(huì)

Audit committee

平衡計(jì)分卡

Balanced scorecard

基準(zhǔn)分析

Benchmarking  analysis

藍(lán)海戰(zhàn)略

Blue Ocean strategy

波士頓矩陣

Boston matrix

業(yè)務(wù)單位戰(zhàn)略（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略）

Business (Competitive) strategy

經(jīng)營(yíng)目標(biāo)

Business objectives

運(yùn)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Business risk

業(yè)務(wù)單元

Business unit

事業(yè)部制組織結(jié)構(gòu)

Business unit organization structure

戰(zhàn)略變革

Change management in strategy 

內(nèi)部信息傳遞

Communication of internal information 

全面風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理

Comprehensive risk management

收縮戰(zhàn)略

Contraction strategy

控制活動(dòng)

Control activities

控制環(huán)境

Control environment

公司治理

Corporate governance

總體戰(zhàn)略

Corporate strategy

成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略

Cost leadership strategy

懲治成本

Cost of punishment

損失成本

Cost of total loss

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理成本與效益

Costs and benefits of risk management

信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Credit risk

文化與績(jī)效

Culture and performance

客戶細(xì)分或市場(chǎng)細(xì)分事業(yè)部制結(jié)構(gòu)

Customer segmentation/Market segmentation business structure

消費(fèi)動(dòng)機(jī)

Customer’s motivation

負(fù)債和杠桿作用

Debt and gearing 

扁平型結(jié)構(gòu)

Decentralized structure

決策支持系統(tǒng)

Decision support system

防御型戰(zhàn)略

Defensive strategy

制定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理策略

Development of risk management strategy

發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

Development strategy

鉆石模型

Diamond model

差異化戰(zhàn)略

Differentiation strategy

直接投資

Direct investment

多元化并購(gòu)

Diversified merger and acquisition

多種經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略

Diversified strategy 

壟斷優(yōu)勢(shì)理論

Dominance advantage theory

每股盈余或市凈率

Earnings per share or price to book ratio 

效率

Efficiency

生產(chǎn)要素

Elements in production

內(nèi)部控制的要素

Elements of internal control

創(chuàng)業(yè)型組織結(jié)構(gòu)

Entrepreneurial organization structure

自然環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Environment risk

股權(quán)投資

Equity investment

評(píng)估成本

Evaluation cost

事項(xiàng)識(shí)別

Event identification

處置成本

Execution cost 

實(shí)地查驗(yàn)

Field inspection

財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的搭配

Financial risk and business risk

內(nèi)部控制的五大要素

Five elements in internal control

產(chǎn)業(yè)五種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力

Five forces in the competitive approach

集中化戰(zhàn)略

Focus strategy 

緊縮與集中戰(zhàn)略

Focused strategy 

職能制組織結(jié)構(gòu)

Functional organization structure

職能戰(zhàn)略

Functional strategy

資金活動(dòng)

Fund-related activities 

全球化戰(zhàn)略

Globalization strategy

毛利率與凈利潤(rùn)率

Gross profit margin and net profit margin 

增長(zhǎng)型戰(zhàn)略

Growth strategy 

開(kāi)拓型戰(zhàn)略

Growth strategy 

擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)

Guarantee business

H型結(jié)構(gòu)(控股企業(yè)／控股集團(tuán)組織結(jié)構(gòu))

H type organization structure (Holding company/Group organization structure)

高經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與高財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)搭配

High business risk, high financial risk 

高經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與低財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)搭配

High business risk, low financial risk 

高長(zhǎng)型結(jié)構(gòu)

High growth structure

橫向并購(gòu)

Horizontal merger and acquisition

增量預(yù)算

Incremental budgeting

產(chǎn)品生命周期

Industry life cycle

產(chǎn)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Industry risk

信息與溝通

Information and communication

一體化戰(zhàn)略

Integrated strategy

后向一體化戰(zhàn)略

Integrated strategy - Backward

前向一體化戰(zhàn)略

Integrated strategy - Forward

橫向一體化戰(zhàn)略

Integrated strategy - Horizontal

縱向一體化戰(zhàn)略

Integrated strategy - Vertical

產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

Intensity of industry rivalry 

密集型戰(zhàn)略

Intensive strategy 

內(nèi)部控制

Internal control

多國(guó)本土化戰(zhàn)略

International subsidiaries strategy

國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略

Internationalization strategy

資源的不可替代性

Irreplaceable resources 

合資經(jīng)營(yíng)

Joint investment business

準(zhǔn)時(shí)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)

Just-in-time system(JIT)

杠桿收購(gòu)

Leveraged buy-out 

法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Litigation risk

長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)

Long-term objective

維持成本

Maintenance cost

管理信息系統(tǒng)

Management information system

市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)——現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品和新市場(chǎng)

Market development - existing product and new market

市場(chǎng)滲透——現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品和現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)

Market penetration - existing product and existing market

重要缺陷

Material deficiency 

矩陣制組織結(jié)構(gòu)

Matrix organization structure 

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量

Measurement of risk

公司戰(zhàn)略的現(xiàn)代概念

Modern concept of corporate strategy

監(jiān)督

Monitoring

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的監(jiān)督與改進(jìn)

Monitoring and improvement of risk management

M型企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)(多部門(mén)結(jié)構(gòu))

Multi-divisional organization structure

非杠桿收購(gòu)

Non leveraged buy-out 

內(nèi)部控制的目標(biāo)

Objectives of internal control

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的目標(biāo)

Objectives of risk management

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查

On-site inspection

運(yùn)行缺陷

Operating deficiency

操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Operational risk

期權(quán)合約

Options contracts

組織管理能力

Organization management ability

組織資源

Organization resources

組織架構(gòu)

Organization structure

業(yè)務(wù)外包

Outsourcing

信息系統(tǒng)外包

Out-sourcing of information system

人員導(dǎo)向性

People-driven

績(jī)效評(píng)估

Performance evaluation

資源的持久性

Persistence of the resources owned

PEST分析

PEST analysis

政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Political risk

供應(yīng)者,、購(gòu)買(mǎi)者討價(jià)還價(jià)的能力

Power of buyers or suppliers

預(yù)防成本

Prevention cost

基本活動(dòng)（又稱主體活動(dòng)）

Primary activities

內(nèi)部控制的原則

Principles of internal control

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理基本流程

Process of risk management

采購(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)

Procurement activities

產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)——新產(chǎn)品和現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)

Product development - new product and existing market

產(chǎn)品／品牌事業(yè)部制結(jié)構(gòu)

Product/Brand business structure

生產(chǎn)流程計(jì)劃

Production process planning

生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)

Production and operation

生產(chǎn)管理能力

Production management ability

產(chǎn)能計(jì)劃

Production plan 

盈利能力和回報(bào)率指標(biāo)

Profitability and rate of return measurement 

質(zhì)量管理

Quality management

反應(yīng)型戰(zhàn)略

Reactive strategy

相關(guān)多元化

Related diversification

研究與開(kāi)發(fā)

Research and development

研發(fā)能力

Research and development ability

已動(dòng)用資本報(bào)酬率（投資回報(bào)率或凈資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率）

Return of capital employed(ROCE)/Return of investment(ROI)/Return of net assets(RONA) 

轉(zhuǎn)向戰(zhàn)略

Reverse strategy

激勵(lì)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制

Reward and incentive system 

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)

Risk acceptance

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好

Risk appetite

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估

Risk assessment

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避

Risk avoidance

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償

Risk compensation

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制

Risk control

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換

Risk conversion

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移

Risk transfer

角色導(dǎo)向型

Role-driven

證券投資

Securities investment

重大缺陷

Significant deficiency 

穩(wěn)定戰(zhàn)略

Stable strategy 

利益相關(guān)者

stakeholders

企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟

Strategic alliances

戰(zhàn)略分析

Strategic analysis

外部環(huán)境分析

Strategic analysis – External environment

戰(zhàn)略業(yè)務(wù)單位組織結(jié)構(gòu)

Strategic business unit organization structure(SBU）

戰(zhàn)略控制系統(tǒng)

Strategic control system

戰(zhàn)略群組

Strategic group

戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)

Strategic objective

國(guó)際化經(jīng)營(yíng)的戰(zhàn)略類型

Strategic options for international business

業(yè)績(jī)計(jì)量

Strategic performance evaluation

戰(zhàn)略風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Strategic risk

內(nèi)部環(huán)境分析

Strategy analysis - Internal environment

發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

Strategy development

戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施

Strategy implementation

戰(zhàn)略管理過(guò)程

Strategy management process

戰(zhàn)略選擇

Strategy selection

繼任計(jì)劃

Succession planning

技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Technology risk

潛在進(jìn)入者的進(jìn)入威脅

Threat of new entrants

替代品的替代威脅

Threat of substitutes

跨國(guó)戰(zhàn)略

Transnational strategy

非相關(guān)多元化

Unrelated diversification

戰(zhàn)略失效

Unsuccessful strategy

價(jià)值鏈分析

Value chain analysis

縱向并購(gòu)

Vertical merger and acquisition

零基預(yù)算

Zero-based budgeting