成本按形態(tài)分類的問題
這里老師舉的馬斯克發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的例子,稱這是固定成分,那發(fā)射兩顆衛(wèi)星一顆2000萬美金和發(fā)射六十顆衛(wèi)星一顆60萬美元,,這兩者成本一樣嗎(衛(wèi)星種類一樣),怎么能理解成固定成本,,我理解的關于固定成本的第二幅圖應該是反比例函數(shù)圖像吧,設產(chǎn)品x個,,每件產(chǎn)品成本為y,,xy=c(常數(shù)),這才能叫做固定成本吧,;我個人認為就馬斯克這個例子應該更適合于曲線變動成本的(a)圖
問題來源:
5. Behaviour: fixed, variable, semi-variable and stepped fixed
Cost behaviour is the way in which costs are affected by changes in output.
成本性態(tài),也叫成本習性,,指成本對業(yè)務量(產(chǎn)量,,銷售量或機器小時數(shù)等)的依存關系。
Management decisions will often be based on how costs and revenues vary at different activity levels.
Cost behavior patterns: fixed, variable, semi-variable and stepped fixed, others.
5.1 Fixed cost (固定成本)are costs that are not affected in total by the level of activity, but remain the same for a particular period of time.
Example: rent of building, salary of a directors, annual property insurance, depreciation of a single machine, etc.
5.2 Variable cost (變動成本)are the costs that change in total in direct proportion to the level of activity. Cost per unit remains the same for each unit produced.
Example: direct materials, direct labor and sale commission.

瞿老師
2021-10-12 16:52:43 826人瀏覽
哈嘍,!努力學習的小天使:
第二張圖片里,,兩個圖形均為固定成本的函數(shù)圖像,。區(qū)別在于,,第一個縱坐標為總成本,表明隨著生產(chǎn)活動的增加,,總成本不變,;第二個縱坐標為單位成本,表明隨著生產(chǎn)活動的增加,由于總成本不變,,單位成本在不斷降低,。設產(chǎn)品x個,每件單位成本為y,,xy=c(常數(shù)),,可知產(chǎn)品件數(shù)與單位成本成反比例函數(shù)關系。
老師此處以馬斯克發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星舉例意為:讓學員大體上對固定成本的概念和圖像有一個初步印象,。即,,視發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的總成本基本不變,初期由于技術等各方面原因,,只能發(fā)射兩顆衛(wèi)星,,平均下來每顆衛(wèi)星成本很高(2000萬美元),即單位成本更高,;之后條件更成熟,,發(fā)射了六十顆衛(wèi)星,平均每顆發(fā)射成本更低(60萬美元),,即單位成本更低,。學員在這里只需理解固定成本模型的即可。
曲線變動成本: 這類成本通常有一個初始量,,一般不變,,相當于固定成本;但在這個初始量的基礎上,,隨著業(yè)務的增加成本也逐步增加,,不過兩者不呈正比例的直線關系,而呈非線性的曲線關系,。
每個努力學習的小天使都會有收獲的,,加油!
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